Panama Viejo: The Ancient City of Panama‍

Image Source: Rodolfo Aragundi, flickr

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Panama Viejo, also known as "Panama La Vieja," stands as a testament to the rich history and resilience of Panama. Founded on August 15, 1519, by Pedro Arias de Ávila, it holds the distinction of being one of the earliest capitals of Tierra Firme. This article delves into the historical significance of Panama Viejo, its architectural evolution, challenges faced by its inhabitants, and its eventual transformation following the devastating raid by the English pirate Henry Morgan.

Historical Background:

Panama Viejo, originally named "Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Panamá," emerged as a crucial settlement on the Pacific coast of the Americas. Founded in 1519, the city rapidly gained importance due to its strategic location, fostering extensive trade routes between Europe and South America. Its initial construction primarily featured wooden dwellings due to the high cost of using stone for building. However, over time, structures evolved into calicanto-built convents and houses.

Challenges and Evolution:

Early Panama Viejo faced numerous challenges. The city grappled with unsanitary conditions exacerbated by water-related problems and the surrounding marshes, leading to the proliferation of mosquitoes and diseases among its populace. Despite these adversities, Panama Viejo flourished as a hub of commerce, drawing merchants and a steady flow of goods from both Europe and South America.

Attempts to Relocate:

Efforts were made to relocate the city to alleviate its environmental and health concerns. However, due to its thriving trade and commercial activities, relocation proved nearly impossible. Panama Viejo remained firmly rooted, a testament to its economic significance and the difficulty of uprooting a bustling hub of commerce.

Henry Morgan's Raid and Transformation:

On January 28, 1671, the city endured a devastating raid by the infamous English pirate Henry Morgan and his 400-strong crew. Morgan's calculated attack resulted in the loss of countless innocent lives and the near-complete destruction of Panama Viejo. In the aftermath of this catastrophic event, colonial authorities opted not to rebuild the city but instead moved a portion of its structures to a new location about ten kilometers southwest.

Legacy and Archaeological Site:

Panama Viejo stands as a historically significant archaeological site, embodying the memory of the first European settlement on the Pacific coast of the Americas. The remnants of this ancient city showcase its architectural prowess and historical importance. The ruins offer a glimpse into the past, preserving the legacy of Panama Viejo and its enduring impact on the history of Panama. Today, visitors can explore this archaeological treasure and learn about the fascinating tale of Panama's earliest days.

Panama Viejo's history is a tapestry of triumphs, challenges, and resilience, encapsulating a pivotal era in the development of Panama. From humble wooden beginnings to a bustling hub of commerce, and ultimately to an archaeological marvel, Panama Viejo's legacy endures, reminding us of the indomitable spirit of the human endeavor.

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